Methods and processes that can form the basis for creating optical and optoelectronic devices. Technologies based on fiber, adaptive, integrated, and waveguide optics. Methods of computer modeling in the study of optical and optoelectronic complexes. Methods for calculating and optimizing optical systems, methods for evaluating the quality of optical images. Creation of optical systems based on freeform surfaces. Devices and complexes for remote sensing of the Earth and objects in space in the optical spectrum, including multispectral and hyperspectral equipment, instruments for the orientation and navigation of spacecraft.